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Page 15
(1) A hollow axis, through the inside of which the thread passes
instead of going through the hole of an agate. This hollow axis is
furnished, near its lower end, with a ridge which serves to support a
movable portion turning constantly round the axis. (2) A movable
portion turning constantly round the axis. (3) A finger or hook
fastened on the side of the movable portion and revolving with it.
This hook, in revolving, catches the filament brought up by the finger
and serves it on to the thread.
Such are the principal parts of the automatic reeling machine.
Although the fact that this machine is entirely a new invention has
necessitated a somewhat long explanation, its principal organs can
nevertheless be summed up in a few words: (1) A controlling drum which
serves to give the thread a constant elongation; (2) a pulley mounted
on a pivot which closes an electric current every time that the thread
becomes too fine, and attains, in consequence, its minimum strength,
in other words, every time that a fresh cocoon is needed; (3)
electromagnets with the necessary conducting wires; (4) the feeding
basin; (5) distributing finger and stops; and (6) the lance-bout.
Our illustration, Fig. 1, shows diagrammatically a section through the
cocoon frame and reel. The thread is composed of three, four, or more
filaments, and after passing through the lance-bout, it travels as
shown by the arrows. At first it is wound round itself about two
hundred times, then passed over a fixed guide pulley, and over a
second guide pulley lower down fixed to the frames which carry the
lance-bouts, then up through the twist and over the smaller of the
pulleys, D. Taking one complete turn, it is led round the guide
pulley, L, from there round the larger of the pulleys, D, round the
second guide pulley, L�, then back to the large wheel, and over a
fixed guide pulley across to the reeling frame. Power is supplied to
the latter by means of a friction clutch, and to insure even winding
the usual reciprocating motion of a guide is employed. The measuring
apparatus is pivoted at F, and by raising or lowering the nuts at the
end of the bar the required inclination is given.
We had recently an opportunity of examining the whole of this
machinery in detail, and seeing the process of silk reeling in actual
operation, Mr. Serrell having put up a complete set of his machines in
Queen Victoria Street, London. Regarded simply as a piece of ingenious
mechanism, the performance of these machines cannot fail to be of the
highest interest to engineers, the reeling machine proper seeming
almost endowed with human intelligence, so perfectly does it work.
But, apart from the technical perfection, Mr. Serrell's improvements
are of great importance as calculated to introduce the silk-reeling
industry in this country on a large scale, while at the same time its
effect upon India as a silk-growing country will be of equal
importance.--_Industries._
* * * * *
APPARATUS USED FOR MAKING ALCOHOL FOR HOSPITAL USE DURING THE
CIVIL WAR BETWEEN THE STATES.[1]
[Footnote 1: Read at the Cincinnati meeting of the American
Pharmaceutical Association.]
By CHARLES K. GALLAGHER, Washington, N.C.
A is an ordinary farm boiler or kettle, with an iron lid securely
bolted on; B, a steam pipe ending in a coil within a trough, D. C, D,
two troughs made of gum logs, one inverted over the other, securely
luted and fastened together by clamps and wedges. The "beer" to be
distilled was introduced at E and the opening closed with a plug. The
distillate--"low wine"--was collected at F, and redistilled from a set
of similar troughs not shown in above figure, and heated by a
continuation of the steam coil from D.
[Illustration]
* * * * *
CONFEDERATE APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SALTPETER FOR
AMMUNITION.
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