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Page 4
[Illustration: FIG. 13.--VAN RYSSELBERGHE'S REGISTERING
THERMOMETROGRAPH.]
Shortly after the drum has commenced revolving, the contact, K, opens
a current which supports the heavy armature, P, of an electro-magnet,
M. This weight, P, falls upon the rod, d, and inflames the fuse, Z, at
that very instant. At this precise moment the electro-magnet, H,
inscribes a point, and renews it only when the cartridge at the
extremity of the fuse explodes.
[Illustration: FIG. 14.--VAN RYSSELBERGHE'S REGISTERING
THERMOMETROGRAPH.]
This apparatus perhaps offers the inconvenience that the drum must be
revolved by hand, and it would certainly be more convenient could it
be put in movement at different velocities by means of a clockwork
movement that would merely have to be thrown into gear at the desired
moment. As it is, however, it presents valuable qualities, and,
although it has already been employed in Germany for some time, it
will be called upon to render still more extensive services.
[Illustration: FIG. 15.--HARLACHER'S APPARATUS FOR STUDYING DEEP
CURRENTS IN RIVERS.]
We have now exhausted the subject of the apparatus of precision that
were comprised in the Munich Exhibition. In general, it may be said
that this class of instruments was very well represented there as
regards numbers, and, on another hand, the manufacturers are to be
congratulated for the care bestowed on their construction.--_La
Lumiere Electrique_.
[Illustration: FIG. 16.--HARLACHER'S APPARATUS FOR STUDYING DEEP
CURRENTS IN RIVERS.]
[Illustration: FIG. 17.--VON BEETZ'S CHRONOGRAPH.]
* * * * *
COPPER VOLTAMETER.
Dr. Hammerl, of the Vienna Academy of Sciences, has made some
experiments upon the disturbing influences on the correct indications
of a copper voltameter. He investigated the effects of the intensity
of the current, the distance apart of the plates, and their
preparation before weighing. The main conclusion which he arrives at
is this: That in order that the deposit should be proportional to the
intensity of the current, the latter ought not to exceed seven amp�res
per square decimeter of area of the cathode.
* * * * *
Speaking of steel ropes as transmitters of power, Professor Osborne
Reynolds says these have a great advantage over shafts, for the stress
on the section will be uniform, the velocity will be uniform, and may
be at least ten to fifteen times as great as with shafts--say 100 ft.
per second; the rope is carried on friction pulleys, which may be at
distances 500 ft. or 600 ft. so that the coefficient of friction will
not be more than 0.015, instead of 0.04.
* * * * *
A NEW OXIDE OF COPPER BATTERY.
By MM. F. DE LALANDE and G. CHAPERON.
We have succeeded in forming a new battery with a single liquid and
with a solid depolarizing element by associating oxide of copper,
caustic potash, and zinc.
This battery possesses remarkable properties. Depolarizing electrodes
are easily formed of oxide of copper. It is enough to keep it in
contact with a plate or a cell of iron or copper constituting the
positive pole of the element.
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