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Page 31
The long ovoids within each bar revolve round the central axis of the bar,
remaining parallel with it, while each spins on its own axis; the iron cone
spins round as though impaled on the axis.
14 bars of 72 atoms 1008
Atomic weight 55.47
Number weight 1008/18 56.00
IRON (Plate IV, 1, and XVII, 3):
14 bars of 74 atoms 1036
Atomic weight 57.70
Number weight 1036/18 57.55
COBALT (Plate XVII, 4):
14 bars of 76 atoms 1064
Atomic weight 58.30
Number weight 1064/18 59.11
NICKEL (Plate XVII, 4):
(The weight of cobalt, as given in Erdmann's _Lehrbuch_, is 58.55, but
Messrs. Parker and Sexton, in _Nature_, August 1, 1907, give the weight, as
the result of their experiments, as 57.7.)
[Illustration: PLATE XVIII.]
The next sub-group, ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium, has nothing to
detain us. It will be observed that each bar contains eight segments,
instead of the six of cobalt and nickel; that ruthenium and palladium have
the same number of atoms in their upper ovoids, although in ruthenium a
triplet and quartet represent the septet of palladium; and that in
ruthenium and rhodium the lower ovoids are identical, though one has the
order: sixteen, fourteen, sixteen, fourteen; and the other: fourteen,
sixteen, fourteen, sixteen. One constantly asks oneself: What is the
significance of these minute changes? Further investigators will probably
discover the answer.
14 bars of 132 atoms 1848
Atomic weight 100.91
Number weight 1848/18 102.66
RUTHENIUM (Plate XVIII, 1):
14 bars of 134 atoms 1876
Atomic weight 102.23
Number weight 1876/18 104.22
RHODIUM (Plate XVII, 2):
14 bars of 136 atoms 1904
Atomic weight 105.74
Number weight 1904/18 105.77
PALLADIUM (XVIII, 3):
The third sub-group, osmium, iridium and platinum, is, of course, more
complicated in its composition, but its builders succeed in preserving the
bar form, gaining the necessary increase by a multiplication of contained
spheres within the ovoids. Osmium has one peculiarity: the ovoid marked _a_
(XVIII, 4) takes the place of axis in the upper half of the bar, and the
three ovoids, marked _b_, revolve round it. In the lower half, the four
ovoids, _c_, revolve round the central axis. In platinum, we have marked
two forms as platinum A and platinum B, the latter having two four-atomed
spheres (XVIII, 6 _b_) in the place of the two triplets marked a. It may
well be that what we have called platinum B is not a variety of platinum,
but a new element, the addition of two atoms in a bar being exactly that
which separates the other elements within each of the sub-groups. It will
be noticed that the four lower sections of the bars are identical in all
the members of this sub-group, each ovoid containing thirty atoms. The
upper ring of ovoids in iridium and platinum A are also identical, but for
the substitution, in platinum A, of a quartet for a triplet in the second
and third ovoids; their cones are identical, containing twenty-one atoms,
like those of silver and tin.
14 bars of 245 atoms 3430
Atomic weight 189.55
Number weight 3430/18 190.55
OSMIUM (Plate XVIII, 4):
14 bars of 247 atoms 3458
Atomic weight 191.11
Number weight 3458/18 192.11
IRIDIUM (Plate XVIII, 5):
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