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Page 18
(2) The vowels of three words may not combine if the middle word is y,
e, he, o, or u. Examples:
�Pues no ha hecho mal disparate! (8)
Que conduce a esta mansi�n (8)
But: Cuando en sue�o | y en silencio (8)
Si tal vez suena | o est� (8)
Alma fiera | e insolente (8)
There is one case in the text where _he_ as middle word does enter into
synalepha, but this is merely the fusion of three identical vowels:
Yo me he echado el alma atr�s (8)
HIATUS
Hiatus is the breaking up into two syllables of vowel combinations in
adjacent words capable of entering into synalepha. It is an extension to
the word-group of dieresis, which applies only to a single word.
Many authorities on Spanish versification recognize as hiatus various
cases which should not be so classified. In words like _yo, yerro,
hierro, huevo_, etc., the first phonetic element is in each case a
semi-vowel, and these semi-vowels have the value of consonants in the
words cited. To classify the following as examples of hiatus is to be
phonetically unsound:
Perdida tengo | yo el alma (8)
Ponzo�oso lago de punzante | hielo (12)
Me he de quejar de este | yerro (8)
Levant�se en su c�ncavo | hueco (10)
Cual t�mpanos de | hielo endurecidos (11)
Tierno quejido que en el alma | hiere (11)
In none of these cases could there possibly be synalepha. Consequently
by definition there can be no hiatus.
Hiatus most frequently occurs to avoid the greater cacophony which would
arise from stress-shift under case 3 of synalepha:
Era la hora | en que acaso (8)
Lack of hiatus would here produce a stress-shift resulting in an
unharmonious stressing of two successive syllables.
Reposaba, y tumba | era (8)
The same principle applies here as in the above, except that the effect
would be even worse, because the stress shift would come under the
rhythmic stress. (See below.)
Su mejilla; es una | ola (8) (Ditto.)
�Pobres flores de tu | alma! (8)
Probably to give the pronominal adjective greater emphasis.
Y huy� su | alma a la mansi�n dichosa (11)
Probably to avoid two successive stresses, though possibly there may be
dieresis in _mansi�n_.
Don F�lix, a buena | hora (8)
Again to avoid stress-shift under the rhythmic stress.
�El as! �el as! aqu� est� (8)
Y si Dios aqu� os envia (8)
In these two examples instead of hiatus there is synalepha with
stress-shift, but we have to do with case 2 of synalepha, not case 3.
Que un alma, una vida, | es (8)
Cuando | hacia �l fat�dica figura (11)
Y el otro �Dios santo! y el otro era | �l! (12)
�Villano! mas esto | es (8)
En cada | hijo a contemplar un rey (11)
In some instances hiatus seems to occur for no other reason than to
preserve the verse-measure:
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