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Page 82
MURAL CIRCLE, 61.
NADIR, the point in the celestial sphere directly beneath our feet,
opposite to zenith.
NEBUL�, 217.
NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS, not atheistic, 182; stated, 182; confirmatory
facts, 183; objections to, 185.
NEPTUNE, elements of, 175.
NODE, the point in which an orbit intersects the ecliptic, or
other plane of reference; ascending, descending, line of, 107.
OCCULTATION, the hiding of a star, planet, or satellite by the
interposition of a nearer body of greater angular magnitude.
OPPOSITION. A superior planet is in opposition when the sun,
earth, and the planet are in a line, the earth being in the middle.
ORBIT, the path of a planet, comet, or meteor around the sun, or of
a satellite around a primary; inclination of, 106; earth's, seen
from the stars, 70.
OUTLINE FOR STUDENTS, 276.
PARALLAX, the difference of direction of a heavenly body as seen
from two points, as the centre of the earth and some point of its
surface, 69.
PARALLELS, imaginary circles on the earth or in the heavens parallel
to the equator, having the poles for their centre.
PERIGEE, nearest the earth; said of a point in an orbit.
PERIHELION, the point of an orbit nearest the sun.
PERIODIC TIME, time of a planet's, comet's, or satellite's
revolution.
PERSONAL EQUATION, 65.
PERTURBATION, the effect of the attractions of the planets or other
[Page 283]
bodies upon each other, disturbing their regular motion; of Saturn
and Jupiter, 11; of asteroids, 13; of Uranus and Neptune, 176.
PHASES, the portions of the illuminated half of the moon or
interior planet, as seen from the earth, called crescent, full, and
gibbous.
PHOTOSPHERE of the sun, 89.
PLANET (_a wanderer_), as seen from space, 99; speed of, 101;
size of, 102; movements retrograde and direct, 112.
POINTERS, the, 197.
POLE, NORTH, movement of, 198.
POLES, the extremities of an imaginary line on which a celestial
body rotates.
QUADRANT, the fourth part of the circumference of a circle, or 90�.
QUADRATURE, a position of the moon or other body when 90� from
the sun.
RADIANT POINT, that point of the heavens from which meteors seem
to diverge, 118.
RADIUS-VECTOR, an imaginary line joining the sun and a planet or
comet in any part of its orbit.
RAIN, weight of, 249.
REFLECTING TELESCOPE, 44.
REFRACTING TELESCOPE, 43.
REFRACTION, a bending of light by passing through any medium, as
air, water, prism.
RETROGRADE MOTION, the apparent movement of a planet from east
to west among the stars.
REVOLUTION, the movement of bodies about their centre of gravity.
ROTATION, the motion of a body around its axis.
SATELLITES, smaller bodies revolving around planets and stars.
SATURN, elements of, 167; revolution of, 168; rings of, 169;
decreasing, 171; nature of, 171; satellites of, 172.
SEASONS, of the earth, 102; of other planets, 105.
SELENOGRAPHY (_lunography_), a description of the moon's
surface.
SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC, the twelve equal parts, of 30� each, into
which the zodiac is divided.
SOLAR SYSTEM, view of, 100, 177.
SOLSTICES, those points of the ecliptic which are most distant from
the equator. The sun passes one about June 21st, and the other
about December 21st, giving the longest days and nights.
SPECTROSCOPE, 46.
SPECTRUM OF SUN AND METALS, 50.
STARS, chemistry of, 28; distance of, 70-73; mode of naming, 196;
number of, 210; double and multiple, 210; colored, 214; clusters
of, 215; variable, 220; temporary, new, and lost, 223; movements
of lateral, 226; in line of sight, 269.
STATIONARY POINTS, places in a planet's orbit at which it has no
motion among the stars.
[Page 284]
STELLAR SYSTEM, the, 195.
SUMMARY OF RECENT DISCOVERIES, 269.
SUN, fall of two meteoric bodies into, 19; light from contraction
of, 20; as seen from planets, 79; corona, 81; hydrogen flames of, 84;
condition of, 89; spots, 90; experiments, 95; apparent path among
the stars, 111; power of, 250.
SYMBOLS USED IN ASTRONOMY, 275.
TELESCOPE, refracting, 43; reflecting, 44; Cambridge equatorial, 46.
TELESCOPIC WORK, clusters, 210; double stars, 212.
TEMPORARY STARS, 223.
TERMINATOR, the boundary-line between light and darkness on the
moon or a planet.
TIDES, 146.
TRANSIT, the passage of an object across some fixed line, as the
meridian, or between the eye of an observer and an apparently
larger object, as that of Mercury or Venus over the disk of the
sun, and the satellites of Jupiter over its disk; of a star, 65.
ULTIMATE FORCE, the, 249.
URANUS, elements of, 173; moons of, retrograde, 174; perturbed by
Neptune, 176.
VARIABLE STARS, 220.
VENUS, 139.
VERNIER, a scale to measure very minute distances.
VERTICAL CIRCLE, one that passes through the zenith and nadir of
the celestial sphere. The prime vertical circle passes through the
east and west points of the horizon.
VULCAN, discovery of, 137.
WORLDS, THE, AND THE WORD, teach the same truth, 231-245.
YEAR, the, length of, on any planet, is determined by the periodic
time.
ZENITH, the point in the celestial sphere directly overhead.
ZODIAC, a belt 18� wide encircling the heavens, the ecliptic being
the middle. In this belt the larger planets always appear. In
the older astronomy it was divided into twelve parts of 30�
each, called signs of the zodiac.
ZODIACAL LIGHT, 80.
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