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Page 54
_How does mumps begin?_
As a swelling upon the jaw, beneath the ear. As it increases it
extends forward upon the cheek and backward behind the ear. It affects
one or both sides.
Mumps is not very common in young children, and in them it is usually
mild. After twelve or thirteen years it is likely to be more severe.
_How long after exposure do the first symptoms appear in the different
diseases?_
In scarlet fever in from three to five days, rarely later than a week;
in measles in from nine to fourteen days, occasionally as late as
twenty days; in whooping-cough in from one to two weeks; in
chicken-pox in from fourteen to sixteen days; in German measles in
from ten to sixteen days. In diphtheria the time varies much; it may
be only one day, and it may be one or two weeks. In mumps it is
usually a little less than three weeks, the average being twenty days.
_Which of these diseases are most contagious?_
Measles and chicken-pox are very contagious, and very few children who
have not had them can come near a person suffering from either disease
without taking it. Whooping-cough is almost as contagious as measles,
and for young babies even more so. A very close exposure is not
necessary in the case of either of these diseases, and whooping-cough
can undoubtedly be contracted in the open air. Scarlet fever and
diphtheria are much less contagious; for both of these a pretty close
exposure is necessary.
_How long should a child with any of these diseases be kept away from
other children?_
With measles, for two weeks after the rash has gone; with scarlet
fever, for at least four weeks after the rash has gone, and longer if
the peeling is not over or if the ears are running; with
whooping-cough, for two months, or so long as the paroxysmal cough
continues; with chicken-pox, until all crusts have fallen off, or for
about three weeks after the eruption appears; with German measles for
one week after the eruption has faded; with diphtheria, at least ten
days after the throat is well in a very mild case, and four weeks if
the case has been severe; with mumps for one week after the swelling
has gone.
_What should be done when a child shows the first symptoms of serious
illness?_
The child should be put to bed. If it is an infant the food should be
diluted to one half the usual strength; if an older child, only fluid
food should be given. If the child seems feverish, take the
temperature If the bowels are constipated, give a teaspoonful of
castor oil; but no other medicine without the doctor's orders. Send
for the doctor at once, and until he comes carefully exclude all other
children from the room.
_By what nursery training may the examination and treatment of sick
children he made much easier?_
By teaching all children to gargle, to show the throat, to take pills,
and by constantly teaching them to regard the doctor as the child's
best friend, and his visits as a great treat. On no account should a
child be frightened into obedience by threats of what the doctor will
do.
With care and patience most children may be taught to gargle and take
pills at four or five years, and to show the throat willingly at two
or three. All these matters should be made a part of the child's
education.
SCURVY
_What is scurvy and how is it produced?_
Scurvy is a disease of general nutrition, usually caused by the
long-continued use of improper food. Most of the cases come from the
use of the prepared infant's foods sold in the stores, especially when
they are given without fresh milk; occasionally the use of condensed
milk and of sterilized milk is followed by scurvy; sometimes it is
seen when, owing to feeble digestion, it has been necessary to make
cow's milk very weak for a long time.
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