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Page 65
CANTO XVI.
Stanza 4. _holmg�ng_, a duel, so called because originally fought on a
small island _(holme)_.
8. _Hagbart_, a Norse sea king, was secretly betrothed to Signe, daughter
of Sigar, king of Seeland, who caused Hagbart to be captured and hanged.
Signe then put fire to her chamber and perished in the flames. The tragic
story formed a popular theme for Scandinavian bards.
8. _rista blod�rn_, inscribe the blood eagle. This was a monstrous
practice by which the Northmen sometimes wreaked vengeance upon their
fallen enemies. The ribs were severed from the spinal column and bent
outward in the form of wings and salt poured into the wounds, whereupon
the entrails were torn out.
CANTO XVII.
Stanza 6. _helt mycket_, a great deal.
6. _I �nger �r jag uppf�dd_, seq. Fritiof's dejection blinds his eyes to
the happy conditions of his boyhood and youth. What he says is not true.
Compare with cantos I and III.
7. _br�nner salt vid strand_, boils the sea water to get a residue of
salt. This occupation was carried on by the poor and the aged and was
considered a very menial service.
14. _nu var l�ftets timme, och in b�rs Frejers galt_. The yule time
marked the return of light and was therefore an occasion for great
rejoicing and sacrificing to Frej, the sun god. In his honor a roasted
boar was placed on the table and with their hands on its head the
warriors vowed that they would perform certain heroic deeds.
15. _vinna_, conquer.
18. _i vinter_, this winter.
24. _helt skarpt_, quite liberally, profusely.
24. _ett �rligt julerus_, a good yuletide spree.
CANTO XVIII.
Stanza 6. _Sleipner_, the eight-footed steed of Odin, which was swifter
than the wind and never grew tired.
CANTO XIX.
Stansa 2. _med kappor �ver �ga_. The falcons were trained for the hunt by
starving them and keeping a hood over their eyes. This was removed just
before the bird was released. It then rose perpendicularly and started in
pursuit of its prey.
3. _Rota_, a valkyr.
5. _Odens sal_, heaven.
5. _valkyrjan_, the huntress.
7. _Grubblar viking_. This has a conditional meaning; _om_ implied before
the clause.
9. _Ty de hata m�nskors �tter_. Fritiof had changed his ideas about the
gods. See canto VIII: 235.
13-15. The birds give expression to Fritiof's own thoughts.
16. _I, som aldrig skulle_. The easier conversational form _skulle_ is
here used, rather than _skullen_, which the strict adherence to
grammatical forms would require.
17. _Nifelhem_, the abode of mist and darkness.
25. _varg i veum_, wolf in the temple, i. e., profaner of the sanctuary.
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