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Page 49
_B_. As an exclamative = "how!"
E.g., l. 465: _Que ce temps est long � mon impatience!_
Also ll. 691, 735, 946.
_C_. As a relative of time = "when."
E.g., l. 569: _Sur le point que la vie_, etc.
APPENDIX V.
EN.
Reference to the derivation of this word will do much to remove the
difficulty attending a clear understanding of its various functions.
i.
EN, _PREPOSITION_, from the Latin _in_, offers no stumbling-block save
in its second use = "as" or "like."
Eg., Esth. l. 1192: _on va donner en spectacle_ = "as a spectacle."
l. 174; _il nous croit en horreur_ = "he thinks us an object of
horror." Cf. also l. 246 and l. 1177.
In Corneille's "Le Cid" (l. 318) _vivre en inf�me_ = "to live [as] an
infamous man."
ii.
EN, _CONJUNCTIVE PRONOUN_, from the Latin _inde_ ("hence," "from that,"
etc.) is used:
_A_. As an ordinary genitive = "of" or "from it, him," "her," "them,"
etc.
_B_. As a partitive accusative; as we might say in English: "I will
take of that."
These two uses are too frequent to require illustration.
_C_. With the force of "on account of that," "for that," when it is not
always to be translated in English.
E.g., Esth. l. 234: _Nous n'en verrons pas moins_, etc. = "none the
less [for that]." Cf. also l. 630.
l. 934: . . . _et j'en fr�mis = "I shudder at the sight," lit.,
"because of this," viz., because this man is Haman.
l. 1082: _Les Juifs . . . en pouss�rent des cris_, i.e. on account of
this promise of mildness given by the king.
_D_. In a number of expressions where, from constant use, it has
become, so to speak, stereotyped:
E.g., l. 1144: _J'en atteste_ = "I call to witness [for the truth of
this] . . ."
l. 1162: _C'en est fait_ = "It is all over [with my pride]." Cf. l.
164, where _c'en est fait d'Isra�l_ would be equally correct.
l. 820: _Il n'en est pas ainsi de_ = "such is not the case with."
_E_. In a few semi-idiomatic expressions, with a generalizing force
due to the broadening of the meaning "on account of this," "in this
matter," into that of "in any matter."
Eg., l. 375: _on s'en peut reposer sur ma foi_ = "I am ever to be
trusted."
Cf. _Si vous m'en croyez_ = "If you will be guided by me."
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