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Page 33
Fuel used: Gas coke. 270 lb. = 31 lb. per 1,000 c.f.
Fuel used: Naphtha, sp. gr. 0.709. 34 gals. = 2.7 gals. per 1,000 c.f.
Illuminating power of gas = 21.9 candles.
I must admit that these results far exceeded my expectations, although
they only confirmed the figures claimed by the patentee; and there are
not wanting indications that, when worked on a large scale and
continuously, they might be even still further lowered, as it is
impossible to obtain the most economical results when making less than
10,000 cubic feet of the gas, as the proper temperature of the walls
of the generator are not obtained until after several makes; and it is
only after about 8,000 cubic feet of gas has been made that the best
conditions are fulfilled.
It will enable a sounder judgment to be formed of the working of the
process if the complete experimental figures for a make of gas be
taken.
COMPOSITION OF THE GAS.
Hydrogen. 46.75
Olefines. 7.59
Ethane. 6.82
Methane. 11.27
Carbon monoxide. 11.65
Carbon dioxide. 0.50
Oxygen. 0.17
Nitrogen. 8.25
-------
100.00
UNPURIFIED GAS CONTAINED
Carbon dioxide. 2.32 per cent.
Sulphureted hydrogen. 2.84 "
Total sulphur per 100 cu. ft. = 6.67
Ammonia. nil
Bisulphide of carbon. nil
Gas produced Naphtha used
Gals. Pts.
1st. Make. 3,600 cu. ft. 10 7
2d. " 2,800 " 7 6
3d. " 2,300 " 5 3
------ --- --
8,700 24 0
The last portion of the table shows the economy which arises as the
whole apparatus gets properly heated. Thus the first make used 3
gallons naphtha per 1,000 cubic feet, the second 2 gallons 6 pints per
1,000 cubic feet, and the third 2 gallons 4 pints per 1,000 cubic
feet, and it is, therefore, not unreasonable to suppose that in a
continuous make these figures could be kept up, if not actually
reduced still lower.
In introducing the oil it is not injected, but is simply allowed to
flow in by gravity, at a point about half way up the column of fuel,
the taps for its admission being placed at intervals around the
circumference of the generator, and oil at first begins to flow down
the inside wall of the generator, but being vaporized by the heat, the
vapor is borne up by the rush of steam and water gas, and is cracked
to a permanent gas in the upper layer of fuel. This I think is the
secret of not being able to use heavier grades of oil, these being
sufficiently non-volatile to trickle down the side into the fire box
at the bottom, and so to escape volatilization. I have tried to
steam-inject the oil, but have not found that it yields any better
results.
One of the first things that strikes any one on seeing a make of gas
by this system is the enormous rapidity of generation. Mr. Leicester
Greville, who is chemist to the Commercial Gas Company, in reporting
on the process, says, "The make of gas was at the rate of about 86,000
cubic feet in 24 hours. A remarkable result, taking into consideration
the size of the apparatus." It is quite possible, with the small
apparatus, to make 100,000 cubic feet in 24 hours; indeed the run for
which the figures are given are over this estimate; and it must be
borne in mind that this rapidity of make gives the gas manager
complete control over any such sudden strains as result from fog or
other unexpected demands on the gas-producing power of his works;
while a still more important point is that it does away with the
necessity of keeping an enormous bulk of gas ready to meet any such
emergency, and so renders unnecessary the enormous gasholders, which
add so much to the expense of a works, and take up so much room.
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