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Page 3
Setting aside interjections, common in a more or less modified form to
several adjoining tribes, twenty-one words of those given in this
vocabulary present noticeable analogies between the Chinook and other
native languages. They are as follows:
_English._ _Chinook._ _Hailtzuk and Belbella._
salmon berries, klalilli, olalli.
_English._ _Chinook and Clatsop._ _Nootka._
Jewitt and Cook.
water, tl'tsuk : tl'chukw, chauk : chahak.
_English._ _Chinook._ _Cowlitz._ _Kwantlen._ _Selish._
six, t�khum, tukh'um, tuckhum', t�ckan.
_English._ _Chinook._ _Chihalis._ _Nisqually._
deep, kellippe, kluputl, klep
glad, kwan, kwal (_tame_)
proud, ey�tl, j�il.
demon, ichiatku, tsiatko, tsiatko.
black bear, eitchhut, chetwut.
crow, skaka, skaka.
oyster, klokhklokh, chetl�kh, klokhklokh.
game of "hands," itlokum, setlokum.
_English._ _Chinook._ _Yakama and Klikatat._
certainly, nawitka, n'witka.
always, kwanisum, kw�lisim.
younger sister, ats, atse.
road, wehut, wiet (_far_).
barrel, tamt�litsh, tamolitsh.
buffalo, em�smus, m�smus.
coyote, it�lipus, talipa (_gray fox_).
mouse, kholkhol, kh�ilkhoil.
bread, tsapelil, saplil.
needle, okw�powa, kapus (_a pin_).
The Clatsop (Kl�tsop) is merely a dialect of the Chinook (Tchin�k); the
Cowlitz (K�ualitsk), Kwantlen, Chihalis (Tsih�lis), and Nisqually
(N'skw�li), are severally languages belonging to the S�lish family. The
Yakama and Klikatat are dialects of one of the Sahaptin languages; and the
Tokwaht (Tokw�t), Nittinat, and Makah (Mak�), quoted in the dictionary,
are dialects of the Nootka (N�tka), of which the Hailtzuk or Belbella
(variously spelled Haeeltzuk and Hailtsa) is probably the northern type.
It thus appears that, with two or three exceptions, the analogies of the
Chinook, as contained in this vocabulary, are to be sought in the
immediately adjoining tongues, or those of languages belonging to the same
families with them; that these analogies, with perhaps one or two
exceptions, can by no means be considered radical, and that their
correspondence, or rather adoption, is easily accounted for by
neighborhood and habits of intermarriage. A much more remarkable
coincidence is the fact that two words included in this Jargon,--one from
the Nootkan, viz., _Mawitch_, a deer, venison; and the other Chinook,
_Mooluk_, an elk,--are also to be found in the Kowilth, the language of
Humboldt Bay, in California. As this bay was first discovered in the
winter of 1849-50, the words could not have been introduced by the fur
trappers.
With regard to the form into which this dictionary has been thrown, an
explanation is necessary. The Jargon must in some degree be regarded as a
written language, the orthography of which is English. In Mr. Hale's
vocabulary alone has one more scientific been attempted, and of several
other printed, and numerous manuscript dictionaries in circulation, M.
Lionnet's alone, that I have met with, is according to the French.
Although no fixed system of spelling exists among them, I have therefore
deemed it best to preserve for the Jargon words that which most distinctly
represents the common English pronunciation; while for the Indian
derivations, I have adopted that recommended by the Smithsonian
Institution in collecting Indian vocabularies, using the Italian sounds of
the vowels, and representing the guttural of the German _ich_ by _kh_.
This seemed the more proper, as the work would thereby be rendered of
practical use, independent of what philological value it may possess.
In collating the words of the present work and obtaining their
derivations, I have been assisted by a number of friends; among whom I
should specially mention Mr. Alexander C. Anderson, of Victoria, V.I., and
Mr. Solomon H. Smith, of Clatsop, Oregon.
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