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Page 15
BRONZING COMPOSITIONS.
The following are the formul� for a variety of baths, designed to
impart to polished brass various colours. The brass objects are put
into boiling solutions composed of different salts, and the intensity
of the shade obtained is dependent upon duration of the immersion.
With a solution composed of sulphate of copper, 120 grains;
hydrochlorate of ammonia, 30 grains; and water 1 quart, greenish
shades are obtained. With the following solution, all the shades of
brown, from orange-brown to cinnamon, are obtained: chlorate of
potash, 150 grains; sulphate of copper, 150 grains; and water, 1
quart. The following solution gives the brass first a rosy tint, and
then colours it violet and blue: sulphate of copper, 435 grains;
hyposulphite of soda, 300 grains; cream of tartar, 150 grains; and
water, 1 pint. Upon adding to this solution ammoniacal sulphate of
iron, 300 grains, and hyposulphite of soda, 300 grains, there are
obtained, according to the duration of the immersion, yellowish,
orange, rosy, and then bluish shades. Upon polarizing the ebullition,
the blue tint gives way to yellow, and finally to a pretty grey.
Silver, under the same circumstances, becomes very beautifully
coloured. After a long ebullition in the following solution, we obtain
a yellow-brown shade, and then a remarkable fire-red: chlorate of
potash, 75 grains; carbonate of nickel, 30 grains; salt of nickel, 75
grains; and water, 10 oz. The following solution gives a beautiful
dark-brown colour: chlorate of potash, 75 grains; salt of nickel, 150
grains; and water, 10 oz. The following gives in the first place, a
red, which passes to blue, then to pale lilac, and finally to white:
orpiment, 75 grains; crystallized sal-sod�, 150 grains; and water, 10
oz. The following gives a yellow-brown: salt of nickel, 75 grains;
sulphate of copper, 75 grains; chlorate of potash, 75 grains; and
water, 10 oz. On mixing the following solutions, sulphur separates,
and the brass becomes covered with iridescent crystallizations: (1)
cream of tartar, 75 grains; sulphate of copper, 75 grains; and water,
10 oz. (2) Hyposulphite of soda, 225 grains; and water, 5 oz. Upon
leaving the brass objects immersed in the following mixture, contained
in corked vessels, they at length acquire a very beautiful blue
colour: hepar of sulphur, 75 grains; ammonia, 75 grains; and water, 4
oz.
A GOLDEN VARNISH FOR METAL.
Take 2 oz. of gum sandarach, 1 oz. of litharge of gold, and 4 oz. of
clarified linseed oil, which boil in a glazed earthenware vessel till
the contents appear of a transparent yellow colour. This will make a
good varnish for the final coating for enamelled and japanned goods.
CARRIAGE VARNISH.
The following is used for the wheels, springs, and carriage parts of
coaches and other vehicles: Take of pale African copal 8 lb.; fuse,
and add 2-1/2 gallons of clarified linseed oil; boil until very
stringy, then add 1/4 lb. each of dry copperas and litharge; boil, and
thin with 5-1/2 gallons of turpentine; then mix while hot with the
following varnish, and immediately strain the mixture into a covered
vessel. Gum anime, 8 lb.; clarified linseed oil, 2-1/2 gallons; 1/4
lb. each of dried sugar of lead and litharge; boil, and thin with
5-1/2 gallons of turpentine; and mix it while hot as above directed.
Of course these quantities will only do for big jobs, and as it has to
do with metal, it has been thought advisable to include the formula in
this handbook.
METAL POLISHES.
The active constituent of all metal polishes is generally chalk,
rouge, or tripoli, because these produce a polish on metallic
surfaces. The following recipes give good polishing soaps:--
(1) 20 to 25 lb. liquid soap is intimately mixed with about 80 lb. of
Swedish chalk and 1/2 lb. Pompeiian red. (2) 25 lb. liquid coco-nut
oil soap is mixed with 2 lb. tripoli, and 1 lb. each alum, tartaric
acid, and white lead. (3) 25 lb. liquid coco-nut oil soap is mixed
with 5 lb. rouge and 1 lb. ammonium carbonate. (4) 24 lb. coco-nut oil
are saponified with 12 lb. soda lye of 38� to 40� B., after which 3
lb. rouge, 3 lb. water, and 32 grammes ammonia are mixed in. Good
recipes for polishing pomades are as follows: (1) 5 lb. lard and
yellow vaseline is melted and mixed with 1 lb. fine rouge. (2) 2 lb.
palm oil and 2 lb. vaseline are melted together, and then 1 lb. rouge,
400 grains tripoli, and 20 grains oxalic acid are stirred in. (3) 4
lb. fatty petroleum and 1 lb. lard are heated and mixed with 1 lb. of
rouge. The polishing pomades are generally perfumed with essence of
myrbane. Polishing powders are prepared as follows: (1) 4 lb.
magnesium carbonate, 4 lb. chalk, and 7 lb. rouge are intimately
mixed. (2) 4 lb. magnesium carbonate are mixed with 150 grains fine
rouge. An excellent and harmless polishing water is prepared by
shaking together 250 grains floated chalk, 1 lb. alcohol, and 20
grains ammonia. Gilded articles are most readily cleansed with a
solution of 5 grains borax in 100 parts water, by means of a sponge or
soft brush. The articles are then washed in pure water, and dried with
a soft linen rag. Silverware is cleansed by rubbing with a solution of
sodium hyposulphite.
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