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Page 49
There is usually more of fretfulness and moaning than real crying,
although crying is excited by very slight causes.
_What is the cry of indulgence or from habit?_
This is often heard even in very young infants, who cry to be rocked,
to be carried about, sometimes for a light in the room, for a bottle
to suck, or for the continuance of any other bad habit which has been
acquired.
_How can we be sure that a child is crying to be indulged?_
If it stops immediately when it gets what it wants, and cries when it
is withdrawn or withheld.
_What should be done if a baby cries at night?_
One should get up and see that the child is comfortable--the clothing
smooth under the body, the hands and feet warm, and the napkin not wet
or soiled. If all these matters are properly adjusted and the child
simply crying to be taken up, it should not be further interfered
with. If the night cry is habitual some other cause should be sought
(see page 121).
_How is an infant to be managed that cries from temper, habit, or to
be indulged?_
It should simply be allowed to "cry it out." This often requires an
hour, and in extreme cases, two or three hours. A second struggle will
seldom last more than ten or fifteen minutes, and a third will rarely
be necessary. Such discipline is not to be carried out unless one is
sure as to the cause of the habitual crying.
_Is it likely that rupture will be caused from crying?_
Not in young infants if the abdominal band is properly applied, and
not after a year under any circumstances.
LIFTING CHILDREN
_How should a young baby be lifted from its bed?_
The right hand should grasp the clothing below the feet, and the left
hand should be slipped beneath the infant's body to its head. It is
then raised upon the left arm.
_What is the advantage of this?_
The entire spine is supported, and no undue pressure is made upon the
chest or abdomen, as often happens if the baby is grasped around the
body or under the arms.
_How should a child old enough to run about be lifted?_
Always by placing the hands under the child's arms, and never by the
wrists.
_What injury may be inflicted by lifting the child by the wrists or
hands?_
Often serious injury is done to the elbow or shoulder joints.
THE TEMPERATURE
_What is the normal temperature of an infant?_
The normal temperature varies more than in adults. In the rectum it
usually fluctuates between 98� and 99.5� F.; a rectal temperature of
97.5� F. or of 100.5� F. is of no importance whatever unless it
continues.
_Where should the temperature of infants and young children be taken?_
The rectum is altogether the best place, and next to this the groin.
The rectal temperature is from half a degree to a degree higher than
that in the groin.
_How long should the thermometer be left in place to take the
temperature?_
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