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Page 44
Learning to eat proper things in a proper way forms therefore a large
part of a child's early education. If careful training in these
matters is begun at the outset and continued, the results will well
repay the time and effort required.
Whether the child feeds himself or is fed by the nurse, the following
rules should be observed:
1. Food at regular hours only; nothing between meals.
2. Plenty of time should be taken. On no account should the child bolt
his food.
3. The child must be taught to chew his food. Yet no matter how much
pains are taken in this respect, mastication is very imperfectly done
by all children; hence up to the seventh year at least, all meats
should be very finely cut, all vegetables mashed to a pulp, and all
grains cooked very soft.
4. Children should not be continually urged to eat if they are
disinclined to do so at their regular hours of feeding, or if the
appetite is habitually poor, and under no circumstances should a child
be forced to eat.
5. Indigestible food should never be given to tempt the appetite when
the ordinary simple food is refused? food should not be allowed
between meals because it is refused at meal-time.
6. One serious objection to allowing young children highly seasoned
food, entrees, jellies, pastry, sweets, etc., even in such small
amounts as not to upset the digestion, is that children thus indulged
soon lose appetite for the simple food which previously was taken with
relish.
7. If there is any important article of a simple diet such as milk,
meat, cereals, or vegetables, which a child habitually refuses, this
should always be given first at the meal and other food withheld until
it is disposed of. Children so readily form habits of eating only
certain things and refusing others that such an inclination should be
checked early.
8. If an infant refuses its food altogether, or takes less than usual,
the food should be examined to see if this is right. Then the mouth
should be inspected to see if it is sore. If neither of these things
is the cause, the food should be taken away and not offered again
until the next feeding time comes.
9. In any acute illness the amount of food should be much reduced and
the food made more dilute than usual. If there is fever, no solid food
should be given. If the child is already upon a milk diet, this should
be diluted, and in some cases partially peptonized.
10. In very hot weather the same rules hold, to give less food,
particularly less solid food, and more water.
FOOD FORMULAS
_Beef Juice._--One pound of rare round steak, cut thick, slightly
broiled, and the juice pressed out by a lemon-squeezer, or, better, a
meat-press. From two to four ounces of juice can generally be
obtained. This, seasoned with salt, may be given cold, or warmed by
placing the cup which holds it in warm water. It should not be heated
sufficiently to coagulate the albumin which is in solution, and which
then appears as flakes of meat floating in the fluid.
_Beef Juice by the Cold Process._--One pound of finely chopped round
steak, six ounces of cold water, a pinch of salt; place in a covered
jar and stand on ice or in a cold place, five or six hours or
overnight. It is well to shake occasionally. This is now strained and
all the juice squeezed out by placing the meat in coarse muslin and
twisting it very hard. It is then seasoned and fed like the above.
Beef juice so made is not quite as palatable as that prepared from
broiled steak, but it is even more nutritious, and is more economical,
as fully twice as much juice, can be obtained from a given quantity of
meat. Beef juice prepared in either of these ways is greatly to be
preferred to the beef extracts sold.
_Mutton Broth._--One pound of finely chopped lean mutton, including
some of the bone, one pint cold water, pinch of salt. Cook for three
hours over a slow fire down to half a pint, adding water if necessary;
strain through muslin, and when cold carefully remove the fat, adding
more salt if required. It may be fed warm, or cold in the form of a
jelly.
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