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Page 3
MOUTH
_How is an infant's mouth to be cleansed?_
An excellent method is by the use of a swab made by twisting a bit of
absorbent cotton upon a wooden toothpick. With this the folds between
the gums and lips and cheeks may be gently and carefully cleansed
twice a day unless the mouth is sore. It is not necessary after every
feeding. The finger of the nurse, often employed, is too large and
liable to injure the delicate mucous membrane.
_What is sprue?_
It appears on the lips and inside the cheeks like little white threads
or flakes. It is also called thrush. In bad cases it may cover the
tongue and the whole of the inside of the mouth.
_How should a mouth be cleansed when there is sprue?_
It should be washed carefully after every feeding or nursing with a
solution of borax or bicarbonate of soda (baking soda), one even
teaspoonful to three ounces of water, and four times a day the
boric-acid solution mentioned should be used.
SKIN
_How should the infant's skin be cared for to prevent chafing?_
First, not too much nor too strong soap should be used; secondly,
careful rinsing of the body; thirdly, not too vigorous rubbing, either
during or after the bath; fourthly, the use of dusting powder in all
the folds of the skin,--under the arms, behind the ears, about the
neck, in the groin, etc. This is of the utmost importance in very fat
infants.
_If the skin is very sensitive and chafing easily produced, what
should be done?_
No soap should be used, but bran or salt baths given instead.
_How should a bran bath be prepared?_
One pint of wheat bran should be placed in a bag of coarse muslin or
cheese-cloth, and this put in the bath water. It should then be
squeezed for five minutes until the water resembles a thin porridge.
_How should a salt bath be prepared?_
A teacupful of common salt or sea salt should be used to each two
gallons of water.
_How should the buttocks be cared for?_
This is the most common place for chafing, as the parts are so
frequently wet and soiled; hence the utmost pains should be taken that
all napkins be removed as soon as they are wet or soiled, and the
parts kept scrupulously clean.
_If the parts have become chafed, what should be done?_
Only bran and salt baths should be used, and in very severe cases even
these may have to be omitted for a day or two. The parts may be
cleansed with sweet oil and a little absorbent cotton, and the skin
kept covered with a dusting powder composed of starch two parts, boric
acid one part.
_What is prickly heat, and how is it produced?_
It consists of fine red pimples, and is caused by excessive
perspiration and the irritation of flannel underclothing.
_How should it be treated?_
Muslin or linen should be put next to the skin; the entire body should
be sponged frequently with equal parts of vinegar and water, and
plenty of the starch and boric-acid powder mentioned should be used.
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