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Page 28
In some cases the use, in place of milk sugar, of ordinary brown
sugar, in half the quantity, is of assistance; or of some of the
malted foods (Mellin's food, malted milk, cereal milk) also in the
place of milk sugar.
The substitution of the milk of magnesia for the lime-water as
recommended on page 60 will often be found useful.
To infants over nine months old, orange juice may be given.
_What special modifications are required during very hot weather?_
During the warm season it is well to make the proportion of fat less
than during cold weather. During short periods of excessive heat it
should be much less. The fat is reduced by using 7-per-cent milk in
place of 10-per-cent (i.e., the Second instead of the First Series of
formulas, page 71), or plain milk in place of the 7-per-cent milk in
the Second and Third Series (page 90). At such times also the usual
food should be diluted, and water should be given freely between the
feedings.
_What changes should be made in the food of a child who, with all the
signs of good digestion, gains very little or not at all in weight?_
If the child seems hungry the quantity of food may be increased; but
if the child will not readily take any more in quantity the strength
may be increased by the use of the next higher formula. One should,
however, be extremely careful under these circumstances not to coax or
force a child; for this plan is almost certain to cause disturbance of
digestion and actual loss in weight. A better policy is that of
looking after the other factors in the child's life,--the care, sleep,
fresh air, etc., for with these rather than with the food the trouble
often lies.
_What should be done with infants who in spite of all variations in
the milk continue to have symptoms of indigestion and do not thrive?_
Except inmates of institutions who form a class by themselves, most
infants who receive proper care thrive upon milk if the proportions
suited to the digestion are given. Still there are some who do not.
The nutrition of such is always a matter of difficulty.
If a wet-nurse is available the employment of one is the thing most
likely to succeed, particularly if the infant is under four or five
months old.
If the infant is older, or if a wet-nurse cannot be obtained, some of
the substitutes for fresh cow's milk may be tried. One of the best is
condensed milk, Borden's Eagle brand, canned, being preferred. This is
more likely to agree if the symptoms are chiefly intestinal (colic,
flatulence, curds in the stools, constipation or diarrhoea) than if
they are chiefly gastric (vomiting, regurgitation, etc.).
_How should condensed milk be used?_
For an infant three or four months old with symptoms of indigestion,
it should at first be diluted with 16 parts of boiled water, or,
sometimes preferably, with barley-water. With improvement in the
symptoms the dilution may be made 1 to 14, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, and 1 to
8, these changes being gradually made. The intervals between feedings
and the quantities for one feeding are given on page 108.
_How long should condensed milk be continued?_
In most cases it should be used as the sole food for a few weeks only.
Afterward, one feeding a day of a weak formula of modified milk (e.g.,
No. III or IV of the Second Series, page 71) may be given; later two
feedings, and thus gradually the number of milk feedings is increased
until the child is taking only modified milk.
Condensed milk is not to be recommended as a permanent food where good
fresh cow's milk can be obtained.
_What are the objections to its use?_
It is very low in fat and proteids, and high in sugar. This accounts
for its easy digestibility, and also explains why children reared upon
it often gain very rapidly in weight, yet have as a rule but little
resistance. They are very prone to develop rickets and sometimes
scurvy.
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