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Page 14
_How should one train a child to do without the bottle?_
This is usually very easy if it is begun at one year. The milk should
be poured into a tiny glass or cup and little by little the child is
taught to drink; at first only a small portion of the food is taken in
this way, the balance being given from the bottle; but in the course
of a few weeks the average infant learns to drink from a cup without
difficulty, and all the food can be so given.
If the child is two or more years old, the only effective means of
weaning from the bottle is through hunger. The bottle should be taken
away at once and entirely, and nothing allowed except milk from a cup
until the child takes this willingly. Sometimes a child will go an
entire day without food, occasionally as long as two days, but one
should not be alarmed on this account and yield. This is a matter of
the child's will and not of his digestion, and when once he has been
conquered it is seldom that any further trouble is experienced. As
soon as a child has learned to drink his milk from a cup, cereals and
other solid foods may gradually be added to the diet. The educational
value of such training is not the least important consideration.
_Can a baby just weaned take cow's milk of the same proportions as one
of the same age who has had cow's milk from birth?_
Very rarely; to give a baby who has had nothing but the breast from
birth, plain cow's milk, or even that milk which a bottle-fed baby of
the same age might take, is almost certain to cause indigestion. The
change in the food is quite a marked one, and should be made gradually
by beginning with a very weak milk and increasing its strength as the
baby becomes accustomed to take cow's milk.
_What would be the proper proportions for an infant weaned at four or
five months?_
About the same as for a healthy bottle-fed infant of two months; the
quantity of course should be larger. The food can in most cases be
gradually increased so that in two or three weeks the usual strength
for the age can be taken.
_What would be the proper proportions for an infant weaned at nine or
ten months?_
About the same as for a bottle-fed infant at four or five months, to
be increased as indicated above.
_Will not a child lose in weight when placed upon so low a diet?_
Very often it will do so for the first week or two, but after that
will gain quite regularly; the acute indigestion, however, which
generally accompanies the use of stronger milk will, in most cases,
cause a greater loss.
ARTIFICIAL FEEDING
_What foods contain all the elements present in mother's milk?_
The milk of other animals,--cow's milk being the only one which is
available for general use.
_Is it not possible for infants to thrive upon other foods than those
containing fresh milk?_
They may do so for a time, but never permanently. The long-continued
use of other foods as the sole diet is attended with great risk.
_What are the dangers of such foods?_
Frequently scurvy is produced (see page 141), often rickets, and in
other cases simply a condition of general malnutrition,--the child
does not thrive, is pale, and its muscles are soft and flabby.
THE SELECTION AND CARE OF MILK USED FOR INFANT FEEDING
_What are the essential points in milk selected for the feeding of
infants?_
That it comes from healthy cows, and that it is clean and fresh.
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